Should public libraries charge for ebooks?

After a thread appeared on one of the mailing lists about ebooks in public libraries, I thought I’d see what people’s view are regarding whether libraries should charge library users for borrowing them.  Here is the result:

Should public libraries charge for ebooks?

Ok, the result is probably unsurprising for many (and of course this was hardly scientific) but was surprising was that 7 people felt that libraries should charge for ebooks.  No reasons were provided in the comments, which is a shame as it would have been interesting to learn why those who voted in favour of charging took that view.

Me?  I think libraries should offer ebooks free of charge as they would do with print books, for a number of reasons:

  • Has the potential to attract those who do not use the library service.
  • When those people start borrowing ebooks from the library, there is the potential to introduce them to other services that the library may offer.
  • Libraries should, as many critics have noted, take the lead on the provision of information, no matter what form it comes in.
  • If libraries do not offer free ebooks, users will just obtain them from elsewhere for free – meaning the service is unlikely to generate much in the way of added income.
  • Ebooks are books and, as such, should be subject to the same rules as for print books.

I’ll be interested to hear what your thoughts are.  Particularly if you are of the belief that public libraries should charge for ebooks.  There must be some good reasons that I am overlooking.

A tiny contribution to the debate…

Will ereaders ever be as cheap as disposable razors?

I can barely believe it myself.  A debate has been raging over the past couple of days over that blog post (come on, you know the one) and I have barely murmured.  I must finally be at peace with the world (er, yeah right).  Be assured I am not now about to ‘launch into one’ over this, others have written far more eloquent responses to that piece.  Nope, not me.  That said, however, there is one part of that post that I think does need picking up on as it seems to be a growing belief.

In that post, Godin states:

Five years from now, readers will be as expensive as Gillette razors, and ebooks will cost less than the blades.

Now, I’m going to stick my neck out here and say that they won’t.  Yep, this is going to be one of those posts where I look back and exclaim expletives whilst banging my head repeatedly on my desk.  But hey, what the hell, you only live once right?

When reading around before writing this post, I was relieved to come across another blogger saying much the same thing.  Relieved I wasn’t being totally way out, I decided to blog away.  So, why do I think that ereaders will never be as cheap as razors?  Well, it’s a mixture of thinking it won’t happen and hoping it won’t happen.  I think it won’t happen because, essentially, it only really makes sense as a business model if you lock people into a format (a la Kindle).  By locking people into a format you can make your money.  By producing a cheap ereader and allowing people to shop around you will, in my personal opinion, go bust very quickly.  Ultimately, the producer will need to find ways to make money to make up for selling an ereader at below cost price.  I may be wrong, I’ve never been involved in business on that level, but that’s the way I think it would have to pan out for ereaders to be sold so cheaply.

So why do I hope it won’t happen?  Well, it sounds like a nice idea and certainly the egalitarian in me would love everyone to be able to access the technology.  My problem?  If they are sold cheaply they are more likely than not to be produced cheaply.  From an environmental perspective that would be a disaster.  Dropped your ereader? Stopped working?  Never mind, just chuck that one away and buy a new one.  What’s the betting that people will take less care of their ereader if they know they can replace it cheaply without losing any of the books that are on it?  And all those debates about which is greener? Well, they go out the window if you keep buying a new ereader every twelve months.

So my view?  Ereaders as cheap as razors is neither likely or desirable.  Ok, you may shoot me now.

The Danger of the Kindle Lending Library

Will Kindle lending create a monopoly?

A few days back, Amazon announced that it would allow its ebooks to be available for lending via Overdrive and, consequently, Kindle owners would be able to borrow ebooks from their local library’s ebook service.  Of course, for those of us that have been keen to support ebook availability in public libraries, this was good news.  Kindles are the most popular ereader on the market, mainly because they are cheap and have an appealing user-friendly purchasing system.  Much as I like my Sony Reader, it is not the easiest for purchasing books (although it sure looks a damn sight more attractive than the Kindle).  However, it is not all good news, and some aspects of the announcement should cause alarm amongst information professionals.

A number of concerns have been raised by librarians, particularly in terms of the addition of an extra format to the Overdrive catalogue set against a backdrop of budget cuts.  Would libraries have to purchase another file format?  Apparently not.  A whole host of other questions have been raised too:

  • Will this represent a change in pricing and licensing models for titles?
  • Will self-published authors on Amazon’s platform have a chance of being on library “shelves” now?
  • Can library patrons opt out of linking their Amazon accounts to their library account?
  • How much check out information will Amazon have access to? How will that change if someone purchases a title they’ve borrowed?

But a far more important question is raised as Kindle becomes ever more dominant.  As Mike Cane (a fellow Kindle hater) put it last year:

How many Kindles are now out there vs ePub devices? If there are MORE K, then isn’t *K* the goddammed “standard” for eBooks now!?

He went on to add in the comments:

How long will it be until Amazon wakes up to public libraries offering Kindle eBooks — as they have with Adobe DRMed ePub? Will we soon see an agreement between Amazon and OverDrive? Or will Amazon snub OverDrive and directly woo public libraries?

The iPad cannot borrow eBooks from public libraries. They use Adobe DRM.

If Amazon gets public libraries on board, it would be the death of ePub. [my emphasis]

This is the really big question behind Amazon’s announcement.  The fact that Amazon does not support the open standard has always been a fundamental objection of mine.  The fact that this deal could effectively end the attempts to establish an accepted open standard is a very worrying development indeed.  Amazon already have close to a monopoly of the ebook market.  The death of ePub would effectively rubber stamp Amazon’s monopoly.

It goes without saying that a monopoly is a very bad thing for consumers in any market.  A monopoly in the provision of information could be a very dangerous thing indeed.  We have already seen Amazon remove books and journals from people’s devices without warning, can they really be trusted to act responsibly with such a monopoly?  I’m not sure we can.  A monopoly in the provision of access to information is a very dangerous thing.  Unless Amazon decide that the Kindle should support ePub, I see no reason to end my personal boycott of the device.  In fact, as futile as I know this is, I would encourage others to do the same until such time that Amazon supports ePub and encourages an ebook market that truly benefits the consumer.  As Mike Cane writes on his blog:

Amazon now has more power than any other book company on earth. And yes, you damn well better be afraid of this.

I am. Are you?

The future of eBooks….

 

eBooks set to co-exist with print?

There was an interesting publication released today by PricewaterhouseCoopers about the future for eBooks.  The report examined ebook trends across the US, UK, the Netherlands and Germany.  As well as identifying ‘market opportunities’ it also makes recommendations for publishers, traditional retailers and online retailers.  Predominantly the report is concerned with the question of the much predicted ebook breakthrough.

 

One section of the report stuck out for me more than any other (for personal reasons).  But before I share that, let me remind you of what little known radio bloke wrote at the end of last year:

Much as it pains many people to admit, there won’t be books in 50 years time unless they are novelty items in museums, or like a vinyl single.

Now I’ve got that little nugget of goodness out of the way, the report states:

1.6 Looking to the Future

All experts agree: eBooks and printed books will co-exist. In certain cases, printed editions will be replaced by digital editions, but in other cases both media will complement each other. In the long term, only one representative of the industry expects that demand will dry up for printed books. Most experts believe eBooks will partially replace the paperback. This is probable particularly in the case of special interest and travel books and in areas in which only sections of books are read.

So, the experts say that the print and electronic will co-exist.  Little known radio bloke says they will be gone in 50 years.  Who do we think is going to be right? I know where my money is heading.

Free library books on your iPhone

Free ebooks on your iPhone from your library!

Oh yes, you read that right my friends!  As well as being able to download ebooks for free from your local library, you can now download them directly onto your iPhone or other mobile device.  No syncing, no transferring from your PC, just download Overdrive’s latest application and you can search your library’s catalogue for ebooks and download them directly to your phone via the app.  Up until now you were only able to do this with e-audiobooks from the library catalogue, the addition of ebooks is a real bonus for those who want free ebooks to read on the go (particularly good for commuters).

There is an added bonus too.  If you own a reader device compatible with library ebooks (the Sony Reader for example), by downloading from the library you can have a copy on your phone and on your reader.  Although the two won’t sync like Amazon’s ebooks, at least you will be able to keep a copy with you for the odd dip in and out, and a copy on your reading device for a more prolonged read (I still don’t like smartphones for prolonged reading I’m afraid!).

If your library service provides ebooks via the Overdrive service then you should be able to take advantage of this development, although I don’t think many services are making their users aware of it at the moment.

Google Editions on the way…….

Could Google change the ebook market?

Now, I’m well-known for being a bit of a fan of the Sony Reader and not so keen on the Kindle.  The reason for this?  I think that all the players in the ebook market should gather around ePub as the standard format for ebooks.  Sony has certainly got onboard with this, Apple sort of have, but Amazon so far have not.  The main drawback to being a non-Kindle fan?  The price of compatible ebooks.  Sadly, well for me anyway, Amazon offers fairly good deals on ebooks (although this may come to an end with increased agency pricing – see earlier post).  Owners of Sony Readers on the other hand are stuck with slightly more expensive ebooks via Waterstone’s or WHSmiths.  Although I shouldn’t forget that ePub is also the format that library ebooks are delivered in – that’s quite important! Well, there could be some good news coming after Christmas.

It looks very likely that Google are going to announce details of their (much delayed) Google Editions service after Christmas.  From InformationWeek:

Google Editions are digital books with digital copying restrictions; they look like what’s currently offered through Google Books.

Purchasing a Google Edition will give the buyer the ability to access that book from most devices that support Web browsers and devices offered by an as yet undisclosed set of supported device partners. This marks a significant point of differentiation from Apple and Amazon, which limit purchased e-books to proprietary hardware.

In another departure from what Apple and Amazon are doing, Google is taking a federated approach, allowing Authorized Resellers to sell Google Editions through their own online book selling sites.

Pretty good news, and could almost certainly prove a serious challenge to Amazon if it takes off (Google Wave anyone??).  What makes this all the more exciting is that Google has already done a deal with Sony for its scanned Google Books, and that deal is likely to be extended to Editions too.  This means that Google Editions books may also be downloaded onto a Sony Reader, as well as iPads and iPhones.  Really good news for Sony Reader owners.

Of course, a lot can change between now and the launch, but it is an exciting prospect.  Let’s just hope it isn’t another Google flop akin to Wave.  That would be really disappointing.

Kindle, ebooks and agency pricing

Is agency pricing the future for ebooks?

This is not the post I was originally going to publish today,  I was actually going to post a blog post comparing the cost of ebooks on Amazon and WHSmiths – to see what the price difference was between ebooks for the Kindle and the Sony Reader (it worked out, over 29 random books to be just under 30p more expensive for the Sony Reader btw).  But you know what?  I’m bored of posts filled with numbers, so I thought I’d fill one full of text instead!  This was mainly prompted by the following story on The Bookseller:

WH Smith has began selling Penguin and Hachette e-books at agency prices, with the retailer’s digital offer falling into line with Amazon.co.uk and Apple.

The retailer had been at an impasse with Hachette since it switched to agency pricing in September. Until now, Hachette titles were removed from sale from WH Smith’s website, as well as Waterstone’s and Tesco’s digital offer. Penguin implemented agency pricing, along with HarperCollins, on 1st November, leading to their books also becoming unavailable at online retailers, with the exception of Amazon and Apple.

The agency pricing model seems set to be the standard pricing strategy for the delivery of ebooks in the future.  Under the ‘agency model’ system, publishers set the retail price for books which booksellers are then obliged to sell at.  The ramifications of this are obvious.  If publishers set the price for books, then there is no room for suppliers to offer a variable pricing strategy and one format will not be able to steal a march on any other (naming no names *ahem*).

Of course, this is not exactly good news for the consumer either.  It will prevent ebooks from being more realistically priced in comparison to their print counterparts.  That is hardly going to persuade huge swathes of people to ditch print and take up ebooks.  Handily for consumers, Amazon have made it very clear that they are completely opposed to the agency pricing model:

“We believe [the publishers] will raise prices on e-books for consumers almost across the board. For a number of reasons, we think this is a damaging approach for readers, authors, booksellers and publishers alike.

“In the UK, we will continue to fight against higher prices for e-books, and have been urging publishers considering agency not to needlessly impose price increases on consumers.”

Although, obviously, Amazon aren’t exactly in this solely to protect the consumer, oh no.  There’s the question of a monopoly to consider.  As author Charlie Stross explains:

“…..to customers, Amazon would like to be a monopoly (i.e. the only store in town). To suppliers, Amazon would like to be a monopsony (i.e. the only customer in town). Their goal is to profit via arbitrage, and if they can achieve those twin goals they will own everyubody’s nuts — the authors, the customers, everyone. They are, in fact, exactly the kind of middle-man operation that the internet tends to squish, gooily.”

Interestingly, he also adds:

“Just before Apple announced the iPad and the agency deal for ebooks, Amazon pre-empted by announcing an option for publishing ebooks in which they would graciously reduce their cut from 70% to 30%, “same as Apple”. From a distance this looks competitive, but the devil is in the small print; to get the 30% rate, you have to agree that Amazon is a publisher, license your rights to Amazon to publish through the Kindle platform, guarantee that you will not allow other ebook editions to sell for less than the Kindle price, and let Amazon set that price, with a ceiling of $9.99. In other words, Amazon choose how much to pay you, while using your books to undercut any possible rivals (including the paper editions you still sell). It shouldn’t surprise anyone that the major publishers don’t think very highly of this offer …”

I think this gets to the heart of the problem and is one of the reasons why I am unlikely to be converted to Kindle any time soon.  Essentially, they want to stitch up the market so that they are the sole provider of ebooks.  This would be fine in principle if they employed a format that worked across all products.  They don’t.  Instead of supporting an open format like ePUB (which doesn’t, incidentally, mandate DRM – vendors add that), they utilise only their own format which is incompatible with others (unless you push it through some conversion).  The agency model is bad news for them (as it is for the consumer of course) because it becomes a level playing field and they no longer have the advantage over Apple, Sony etc.  This means that there is starting to emerge a straight choice between AMZ and ePub.  With the latter having the added advantage of being the format that library ebooks are delivered in.

Amazon have two choices, either adopt ePub as a standard format for the Kindle, or try to fight off the inevitable leveler.  It’s interesting that, in recent weeks, they have been employing some aggressive marketing (particularly attacking Apple’s iPad – Apple being the driver behind agency pricing) – with ads all over the newspapers, billboards and regular TV spots.  Maybe they are trying to get people to buy Kindles before agency pricing is applied across the board.  Once it is widespread, it is hard to see what advantages there are to having a Kindle at all.  Interestingly, agency pricing could be a good thing for libraries….just a thought.

Of course I could add that this the agency model is regressive and flawed, but that’s another post for another time.  In the meantime, for that argument, check this post out on FutureBook.  I’ll be interested to hear people’s thoughts on what agency pricing means for ebooks, Amazon, ePub and, of course, us consumers.  Good for some and not for others?  Bad across the board? What do you think?

Library ebooks on your mobile…..

Good news for those of you who like reading ebooks on your mobile phone, Overdrive (the predominant supplier of ebooks to public libraries) have just put forward an app to iTunes that would enable users to download ebooks from their library directly onto their iPhone (Android app to come).    This service has been available for a while for audiobooks, but if you wanted to download an ebook you needed to do so at a computer and sync it to your ereader (or read it from the screen of course!).  With the ability to download them direct to your phone I can see real growth in ebook loans from public libraries.  Considering that some library authorities have already issued around 4,000 ebooks in the space of four months (none of which could be read on a mobile device), the addition of the ability to download to a mobile device could really see issues take off.  Exciting times indeed for ebooks in libraries.

Not just ebooks but eAudiobooks too……

iPhone loaded with audiobooks from Kent libraries.

eAudiobooks are beneficial for the housebound....and the middle class office worker ;) .

Well, what a weekend of ebook related revelations that was.  Despite campaigning tirelessly for libraries against ebooks, it became clear over the weekend that ‘Perkins’ doesn’t really understand the subscription model that is most often employed by public libraries.  The cat commented on the weekend about his (its?) major concern regarding the provision of ebooks – the need to continually re-assess every year whether you want to continue to offer a particular ebook and, if so, the need to pay for it again.  Yes, that’s right ‘again’.  Obviously such a model would be cause for concern.  Why should a service effectively pay for a new copy of a book every year?  And why are librarians championing something that will cause them more work?  Well, the truth is they are not.

The model most often used by libraries is that of a one user-one title service (most frequently through Overdrive who are the market leader at present).  Libraries pay a one-off fee for the service, followed by a regular maintenance fee.  Once this is set up, libraries populate their online library with whatever stock they see fit (with very little difference in cost from a print edition).  And, this is the crucial point, once bought that is it.  It will remain there forever, theoretically as it would if it were a print edition.  Although, as we all know, what with publishers cutting costs there has been a marked decrease in the quality of print editions of late.  It was not unknown for me to come across books that virtually crumbled in your hand after only one loan when working in public libraries.  Ebooks never crumble.  Once they are in your catalogue you never have to worry about buying replacements – unless, of course, you wish to purchase a more recent edition of a particular title (or if the supplier goes bust of course).  Genius eh?

However, even this is not enough to put Perkins off his stride.  No, ebooks are underused and only serve a tiny fraction of library users.  That rather sounds like the voice of the private sector does it not?  Public libraries are paid for by everyone and so should try to meet the needs of their users wherever possible, not simply focus on the needs of an elite few.  Without the users libraries wouldn’t exist.  We should, at all costs, try to meet their needs, not tell them what we think is best for them.  Unless we want the library service to hark back to the Victorian era, or maybe Stalin’s Russia – centralised and rigidly sticking to prescribed dogma scribbled on the back of fag packets by our superiors.  Whoops, sorry, diverted into a bit of a rant then.  Back to the plot…..

The truth is that ebooks have been very popular, as my local authority has demonstrated.  When searching for new ebooks to borrow on their system it is quite amazing how many are out on loan (maximum of 6 can be loaned to a borrower at any one time) and how many reservations are in place.  Clearly they are proving popular.  It certainly seems that users are demanding a quality ebook service from their local library service.  The very fact that my local authority (Kent since you are asking!) has had to up the limit from 3 to 6 electronic titles (ebook or eAudiobook) due to public demand rather suggests that it has been very popular.  Which is a very good thing.  If there were only a dribble of loans then I would accept that now is not the time.  However, when you have all six copies of a title on loan and a further 6 reservations, you need to start thinking that maybe there is a demand here.

And herein lies the problem.  Amazon has just announced that ebooks will be able to be loaned between Kindle owners.  This is quite a major development and one that should concern libraries.  There is a very real chance that libraries will miss the boat on this one.  If companies allow their ebooks to be loaned, while libraries are trying to decide whether it is for them or not, they will find it very difficult to successfully launch when Amazon et al have an established service.  Why bother with your local library if you can just exchange books via Amazon?  The only chance is if libraries can establish their service now, bed it in and make the library the first place to go to borrow ebooks for free.  It should be the first stop for them as much as it should be the first stop for print editions.  If libraries can establish themselves as providers of borrowable ebooks, then it has a chance of surviving the digital age and coming out the other side stronger than before.  If not, well, let’s not kid ourselves that they can just stick with a determined focus on print editions for ever more and survive, let alone prosper.  If that were to be the case, we may have to face the reality that, in the future, people will exchange quaint memories of a free service that once enabled you to borrow things made out of some curious thing called ‘paper’ – replaced by a number of private companies offering digital publications at a price.  Whither equal access for all then?

eAudiobooks

Oscar Wilde mp3 from Kent County Council.

Well, I took a while getting there, but I did promise to talk about eAudiobooks too!  Before I explain my discovery at the week-end, some context.  I have recently moved into my first office based role.  Up until now I have always worked in a customer facing role, first in retail, then in public libraries.  As a result, the office environment was a bit of a new one for me.  Previous to now my only experience had been some work experience at a publishing company in London.  I have learnt, relatively quickly, that my iPhone has become my best friend (as if it wasn’t already!).  The thought of turning up to work and forgetting my headphones fills me with dread.  I wake up in the night in a cold sweat just thinking about it.  Ok, maybe not.  But it is essential.

The only drawback is that, as someone who listens to mainly rock (have I mentioned my love of Pearl Jam?!), it can be a bit heavy going on the ears all day.  Every now and then I like to break it up with a podcast or some radio so that I have something different to entertain me whilst I work (should I be entertained while at work??).  Which is where eAudiobooks come in (capital ‘A’ or small ‘a’??).

Now, my authority offers (as I may have mentioned) ebooks for loan.  They also, however, offer eAudiobooks – audiobooks in a digital format so that they can be played on mp3 players, computers etc etc.  I hadn’t bothered with this too much as I thought that I would need to download them to my PC, sync with my iPhone and transfer them over – far too much hassle.  Besides, I have never really got into the idea of having someone read to me, at least not in my adult years!  However, turns out I was wrong (mark this date in your diary!).  Overdrive offer a free application for your iPhone (and other smartphones too!) so that you can download eAudiobooks direct from your library website onto your phone! No syncing, no connecting to a computer…..awesome!

As a result of this magical discovery, I instantly downloaded the app and hunted around for titles to download on KCC’s library website.  I discovered, as you might expect, that it was a very popular service with Kent’s borrowers.  In fact, out of the first 100 mp3s I looked at on the site (there are 169 in total), only 22 were available.  78% of the county’s eAudiobook stock is out on loan!  Now I don’t know about you but that is what I call a popular service!  I also call it a genius service when you work in an office all day working at a computer – which is possibly why it has proven so popular.

However, this service is not only good for office workers and alike.  It is also a wonder for the most vulnerable in society.  Let’s face it, the ability to access eAudio at home is massive step forward on this level.  Typically libraries keep a fairly small selection of audio titles as they are expensive and take up a large amount of space.  By providing them virtually you are providing a much wider range of stock without taking up any space in the building.  Not only that, but for the housebound it is particularly beneficial.  A whole new world is opened up to them.  And isn’t that something we should strive for?  Shouldn’t we ensure that library users have access to a wide range of resources?  Shouldn’t we ensure that we do what we can to assist those who are least able to use the library service by providing a range of resources online?  Of course we should.  Libraries overriding role in society (in my view anyway) is to ensure equality of access to information for all.  That is why they were established – so that information wasn’t solely in the hands of a privileged elite and that the workers could have a taste of the knowledge that was once solely the preserve of the wealthy.   I for one hope that authorities that do not currently offer ebooks and eAudiobooks look at the example of Kent and others and decide that it most definitely is the time to offer these services to our users, before it is too late.

Ebooks – Seriously, get them in libraries!

Even Tony Blair is popular in ebook format.

Ok, I know I only recently posted on this subject, but I was so taken aback by what I’d just seen, I felt compelled to blog about it.

Recently, Kent County Council launched an ebook service in conjunction with Overdrive. In fact, I should probably disclose that I was involved in early discussions about launching this service. I remember at the time of discussing these proposals, many of the ‘frontline’ staff were either sceptical or lukewarm to the idea (although by no means all). Unsurprisingly, I was very enthusiastic (shock). I found that the scepticism seemed to die away, however, once I introduced them to my ereader, they were a bit more interested and a little more enthusiastic.

Skip forward a few months (I’m no longer employed by KCC), and the service is live to the public and, it appears, doing rather well. I had a quick look last night at some of the titles on offer and I was impressed with both the currency and the uptake. Franzen’s latest is there as is Jacobson’s Booker Prize winner. But the most impressive aspect was the amount on loan.

I had a quick look at both Tony Blair’s and Stephen Fry’s biographies and both had no copies available (there were 6 copies of each). Furthermore, Blair’s book had no less than SEVEN reservations outstanding. Pretty impressive stuff. And it was the same story with many other titles on offer. Lots out on loan, lots of reservations. If anything can convince the ‘not now’ brigade, surely this can? I don’t hold out much hope of that. There are vested interests at play after all.

That said, the arguments must surely be put to one side. The time for ebooks in public libraries is indeed now. They must meet the needs of their users else they face a slide into irrelevance and, heaven forbid, privatisation. A concept no lover of libraries can allow to happen.

UPDATE

Shortly after posting the above I discovered the following:

  • Two months after launching the ebook service (July 2010), nearly 2,000 ebooks had been downloaded.
  • Around 40 were being downloaded per day by September.
  • The limit of ebook titles any one user could download had to increase from 3 to 6 due to public demand.

A pretty amazing response, and with little promotion aside from the website.  More reason for public libraries to offer ebooks as part of their broader service.  The time really is now.